Communication Skills Class 9 Notes Important Points
Communication Skills Class 9 Notes Important Points
Introduction of Communication
The word ‘Communication’ comes from the Latin word commūnicāre, meaning ‘to share’.
Communication is the ‘sharing’ of information between two or more individuals or within a group to reach a common understanding.
Importance of Communication
Communication skills are needed to:
Inform: You may be required to give facts or information to someone.
Influence: Communication skills are required to influence someone in an indirect but usually important way.
Express feelings: Talking about your feelings is a healthy way to express them. For example sharing your feelings with your parents and friends.
Elements of communication
Communication is a two-way exchange of information, i.e., giving and receiving. Speaking and writing are examples of giving information. Reading and listening are examples of receiving information.
Perspective in communication
Perspectives are ideas, views, or fixed ways of thinking. For example, if you have a fixed idea that your teacher or father is strict, you may think they are scolding you even though they are polite.
Factors affecting Perspective in communication
- Language
- Visual Perception
- Past Experience
- Prejudice
- Feelings
- Environment
- Culture
Effective Communication
Effective communication can happen if we follow the basic principles of professional communication skills.
These can be abbreviated as 7 Cs
- Clear : Be clear about what do you want to say.
- Concise : Use simple and required words for communication.
- Concrete : Use exact words and facts.
- Correct : Use correct spelling and grammar.
- Coherent : Words should make sense and relate to the main topic.
- Complete : Should include all the required information.
- Courteous : Be respectful, friendly and honest.
Different methods of communications are :
1. Verbal Communication
Verbal communication is the sharing of information by using words. In Verbal communication, it is important to use the right words to avoid confusion and to communicate what we want.
The important forms of verbal communication are:
- Oral or Spoken Communication: Communication which involves talking.
- Face-to-face conversation
- Talking on a phone
- Classroom teaching
- Public speeches
- Written Communication: Communication which involves written or typed words.
- Writing letters, notes, email, etc.
- SMS
- Books and newspapers.
Advantages of Verbal Communication
Verbal communication is easy and quick. It is an easier form of communication when we have to exchange
ideas.
Disadvantages of Verbal Communication
The most common disadvantage of verbal communication is the cultural differences between the sender and
receiver. In verbal communication, sometimes the meanings of words become confusing and difficult to understand if the right words are not used.
Communication Skills Class 9 Notes Important Points
3Ps Method
We can use the 3Ps (Prepare, Practice, Perform) method to get over our fears, and become a confident and effective speaker. These points are
Prepare:
- Think about your topic
- Think about what your listeners need to know about the topic
Practice
- Practice by yourself first, talk in front of a mirror.
- Speak clearly, loudly and at the right speed.
Perform
- Take a few deep breaths if you are feeling nervous and start speaking confidently
2. Non-Verbal Communication
When we send message to others without using any words is known as non-verbal communication. Expressions, gestures and body postures are used to send signals or message in non verbal communication.
Types of Non-verbal Communication
1. Facial Expression: A facial expression shows the feelings of a person.
2. Postures: Postures are positions of the body. They show our confidence and feelings. For example, straight body posture is seen as confidence.
3. Gestures or Body Language
Gestures describe movements of parts of the body, especially hands or head, to express an idea or meaning. This includes waving, pointing and using our hands when speaking.
4. Touch
We communicate a great deal through our touch, such as shaking hands and patting on the back. For example, a firm handshake shows confidence.
5. Eye Contact
Maintaining an eye contact with the person you are talking indicates interest, whereas, looking away can make the other person feel ignored.
6. Paralanguage
Paralanguage is the tone of our voice, speed and volume that makes a difference in the meaning of the communication. Speaking too fast may show excitement or nervousness. Speaking too slow may show seriousness, sadness.
3. Visual Communication
Visual communication involves sending and understanding messages only through images or pictures. The main advantage of this type of communication is
- We do not need to know any particular language for understanding it.
- It is simple, easy to understand and remains same across different places.
Examples of Visual Communication
Writing Skills
Writing skills are part of verbal communication and include e-mails, letters, notes, articles, SMS/chat,
blogs, etc. In all these forms of written communication, we use sentences to express ourselves.
Sentence:
A sentence is a group of words that communicates a complete thought for example: Raju goes to school.
Phrase:
A group of words, which does not make complete sense, is known as a phrase for example: Raju goes
NOTE: A sentence always begins with a capital letter
MINTS:
MINTS is a set of simple rules that help you capitalize words correctly. Each letter in the word MINTS refers to one capitalization rule as shown below
Punctuation:
It is a set of marks, such as the full stop and the comma, which help us separate parts of a sentence and explain
its meaning. Some common punctuation marks and their use are given below
| Punctuation name | Sign | Use |
| Full stop | ( . ) | It is used at the end of a sentence. |
| Comma | ( , ) | We use a comma to indicate a pause in the sentence and to separate items. |
| Question mark | ? | We use a question mark at the end of a question |
| Exclamation mark | ! | We use an exclamation mark at the end of a word or a sentence to indicate a strong feeling, such as surprise, shock etc. |
| Apostrophe | ( ’ ) | We use an apostrophe followed by an ‘s’ to show that something belongs to someone |
Basic Parts of Speech:
There are eight basic parts of speech in the English language. These are noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction and interjection.
| Parts of Speech | What they do | Example sentences |
| Noun | Nouns are words that refer to a person, place, thing or idea. These are ‘naming words.’ | Reema wrote a letter. Both Reema and letter are nouns |
| Pronoun | A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun. | Dhriti won the race. She is tired. ‘She’ is used in place of the noun Dhriti, it is a pronoun |
| Adjectives | Adjectives are words that describe other words. | In sentence “Reema wrote a long letter.” Long is an adjective |
| Verbs | Verbs are words that show action | In sentence “Reema wrote a letter.” Wrote is the verb |
| Adverbs | Adverbs are words that add meaning to verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. | In the sentence “Reema quickly wrote a letter.” Quickly is an adverb. |
Supporting Parts of Speech:
Along with the main ‘Parts of Speech’, there are some more words we need for making a sentence. These are
shown below:
| Supporting Parts of Speech | Use | Examples |
| Articles | The words ‘a’, ‘an’ and ‘the’ are known as articles. Articles are generally used before nouns | A book An apple An umbrella The sun |
| Conjunctions | Conjunctions are words that join two nouns, phrases or sentences. Some common conjunctions are ‘and’, ‘or’ and ‘but’ | Do you want oranges or apples? |
| Prepositions | Prepositions connect one word with another to show the relation between them | Some common prepositions are ‘on’, ‘at’, ‘under’ and ‘in’ |
| Interjections | These words express strong emotions, such as happiness, surprise, anger or pain | Wow! Oh! Oh no! |
Parts of a sentence
In English all sentences have a subject and a verb. Some also have an object.
A subject is the person or thing that does an action. A verb describes the action. Object is the person or thing
that receives the action. For example Divya reads a book
Divya – Subject
reads – Verb
book – Object
Types of Objects
The object in a sentence can be either direct or indirect. A direct object answers the question ‘what?’.
An indirect object answers questions, such as ‘to whom’ and ‘for whom’.
Types of Sentences
Sentences where the subject does an action are known to be in the Active voice.
Sentences in which the subject receives an action are known to be in the Passive voice.
For example:
Sanjay broke the glass – Active voice sentence
The glass was broken by Sanjay – Passive voice sentence
Types of Sentences (according to their purpose)
| 1. Statement or Declarative Sentence | It provides information or states a fact. It always ends with a ‘full-stop’ |
| 2. Question or Interrogative Sentence | This type of sentence asks a question. It always ends with a question mark |
| 3. Emotion/Reaction or Exclamatory Sentence | An exclamatory sentence expresses a strong emotion. It always ends with an exclamation mark |
| 4. Order or Imperative Sentence | These sentences show an order, command, request, or advice |
Paragraph
A group of sentences forms a paragraph. While writing a paragraph, make sure the sentences have a common idea.
Pronunciation Basics
Pronunciation is the way you say a word, just as spelling is how you write a word.
Phonetics
Phonetics is the study of the sounds that we make when we speak.
We use sounds to speak. Every word is made up of one or more sounds. We put these sounds together to pronounce words.
| Vowels | Diphthongs (combination sound of two vowels) | Consonants |
| The English alphabet has five vowels (a, e, i, o and u) but 12 vowel sounds. This means most vowels can be pronounced in different ways. | We make a diphthong sound when we combine two vowels | A consonant sound is any sound that is neither a vowel nor a diphthong sound |
Greetings and Introduction
Greetings are the words which we use to start talking to friends or people whom we are meeting for the first time.
We use certain sentences to tell about ourselves or others, to people who do not know us. This is called an Introduction. We can introduce ourselves by telling our name and some general information like about our hometown, our job or subjects as a student, our interests, etc
Types of Greetings
There are two ways of greeting:
Formal Greetings
Formal greetings are used when we do not know the person. It is used to greet senior, elderly people or people with whom we have formal relations like teachers or customers. This is used more often in schools, colleges
and offices. For example
Good morning everybody!
Hello Sir. How are you?
Informal Greetings
Informal greetings are used when you talk to friends, family or a known person. For example
Hey! How are you doing?
Asking Questions
A question is a sentence, phrase, or word that either asks for information or is used to test someone’s knowledge. We always use a question mark (?) at the end of a question.
Advantages of asking questions
- It help us to gain new knowledge, get information.
- It make sure that what we know is correct
- It avoid doubts, confusion, misunderstanding.
How to make sure we have complete information?
We can follow the simple method of ‘5W+1H’ shown below to make sure that we have all the information we will need for a particular work.
5W and 1H stands for
Who
Where
When
What
Why
How
Types of Questions
There are two basic types of questions: close-ended and open-ended.
Close – ended Questions
Questions that can be answered with a “yes” or a “no” are called close-ended question. That is because the answer options are limited or closed. For example, when we ask “Do you have a TV at home?”
We can form close-ended questions by adding helping verbs (called auxiliary verbs) like “Be”, “Do” and “Have”. We can also use other auxiliary verbs (called modal verbs), such as “Can”, “Shall”, “May”, “Should”, “Could”. for example
Do I cook dinner?
Could you share your lunch with your friends?
Open ended Questions
Sometimes, when we ask a question, we expect an answer with more details. These are called open-ended questions because their answer options are not limited or closed. for example What do you like to watch on TV?
We can form open-ended questions by using question words, such as What, Why, Who, How, When and Where. for example
What did you do?
Why did you go there?
Important links of Class IX (IT-402)-Employability Skills
NOTES
Unit 4: Entrepreneurial Skills
MCQ
Unit 2: Self Management Skills
Unit 4: Entrepreneurial Skills
BOOK SOLUTIONS
Unit 2: Self Management Skills
Unit 4: Entrepreneurial Skills
Unit 5: Green Skills
Important links of Class IX (IT-402)
Unit 1 : Introduction to IT–ITeS Industry – BOOK SOLUTIONS
Unit 1 : Introduction to IT–ITeS Industry – NOTES
Unit 1 : Introduction to IT-ITeS – MCQ
Unit 2 : Data Entry and Keyboarding Skills – BOOK SOLUTIONS
Unit 2 : Data Entry and Keyboarding Skills – MCQ
Unit 3 : Digital Documentation – NOTES
Unit 3 : Digital Documentation – BOOK SOLUTIONS
Unit 3 : Digital Documentation – MCQ
Unit 4 : Electronic Spreadsheet – BOOK SOLUTIONS
Unit 4 : Electronic Spreadsheet – MCQ
Unit 5 : Digital Presentation – MCQ
Important links of Class X (IT – 402)
UNIT 1: DIGITAL DOCUMENTATION (ADVANCED) – MCQ
UNIT-2: ELECTRONIC SPREADSHEET (ADVANCED) – MCQ
UNIT-3 RELATIONAL DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (BASIC) – MCQ
UNIT-4 WEB APPLICATIONS AND SECURITY