SUMMARY :Class 11 Computer Science Chapter 3Artificial intelligence (AI) endeavours to simulate the natural intelligence of human beings into machines thus making them intelligent.
Machine learning comprises algorithms that use data to learn on their own and make predictions.
Natural Language Processing (NLP) facilitates communicating with intelligent systems using a natural language.
Virtual Reality (VR) allows a user to look at, explore and interact with the virtual surroundings, just like one can do in the real world.
The superimposition of computer-generated perceptual information over the existing physical surroundings is called Augmented Reality.
Robotics can be defined as the science or study of the technology primarily associated with the design, fabrication, theory and application of robots.
Big data holds rich information and knowledge which can be of high business value. Five characteristics of big data are: Volume, Velocity, Variety, Veracity and Value.
Data analytics is the process of examining data sets in order to draw conclusions about the information they contain.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of devices that have an embedded hardware and software to communicate (connect and exchange data) with other devices on the same network.
A sensor is a device that takes input from the physical environment and uses built-in computing
resources to perform predefined functions upon detection of specific input and then processes data
before passing it on.
Cloud computing allows resources located at remote locations to be made available to anyone anywhere.
Cloud services can be Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS) and Software as a Service (SaaS).
A grid is a computer network of geographically Notes dispersed and heterogeneous computational
resources.
Blockchain is a system that allows a group of connected computers to maintain a single updated and secure ledger which is updated only after all the nodes in the network authenticate the transaction.Class 11 Computer Science Chapter 3
Class 11 Computer Science Chapter 3
Q1. List some of the cloud-based services that you are using at present.
Ans. The ‘Internet of Things’ is a network of devices that have an embedded hardware and software to communicate (connect and exchange data) with other devices on the same network.
Some of its potential applications are :
1. To control home devices like CCTV, Microwave, light and fans with the help of Smart Phone.
2. Internet of Things offers farmers to access detailed knowledge and valuable information of their soil condition.
3. The Internet of things can play an important role in the management of road traffic in large cities.
Class 11 Computer Science Chapter 3
Q3. Write short notes on the following: a) Cloud Computing b) Big data and its Characteristics
Ans. a) Cloud Computing : It is an emerging trend , where computer-based services ( software, hardware (servers), databases, storage) are delivered over the Internet or the cloud, and it is accessible to the user from anywhere using any device. These resources are provided by companies called cloud service providers and usually charge on a pay per use basis, like the way we pay for electricity usage.
Big Data : With technology making an inroad into almost every sphere of our lives, data is being produced at a colossal rate. Today, there are over a billion Internet users, and a majority of the world’s web traffic is coming from smartphones. This results in the generation of data sets of enormous volume and complexity called Big Data.
Characteristics of Big Data are :
(A) Volume : The most prominent characteristic of big data is its enormous size.
(B) Velocity : It represents the rate at which the data under consideration are being generated and stored.
(C) Variety : It asserts that a dataset has varied data, such as structured, semi-structured and unstructured data.
(D) Veracity : Big data can be sometimes inconsistent, biased, noisy or there can be abnormality in the data.
(E) Value : Big data is not only just a big pile of data, but also possess to have hidden patterns and useful knowledge which can be of high business value.
Class 11 Computer Science Chapter 3
Q4. Explain the following along with their applications. a) Artificial Intelligence b) Machine Learning
Ans. a) Artificial Intelligence : Artificial intelligence (AI) endeavours to simulate the natural intelligence of human beings into machines thus making them intelligent. An intelligent machine is supposed to imitate some of the cognitive functions of humans like learning, decision making and problem solving. Google Maps, Alexa, Cortona are examples of AI
b) Machine Learning : Machine Learning is a subsystem of Artificial Intelligence, wherein computers have the ability to learn from data using statistical techniques, without being explicitly programmed by a human being.
Class 11 Computer Science Chapter 3
Q5. Differentiate between cloud computing and grid computing with suitable examples.
Ans. In Cloud Computing, all required resources are available virtually and we just need to pay for the services that we are using. So it is more cost effective.
Processing of large amount of data on local machine requires more time to process while in case of cloud computing there is no fear of machine crash and need only good internet connection to process the data speedily.
So we can say Storage of data is cost-effective and time saving in cloud computing.
Class 11 Computer Science Chapter 3
Q7. What is on-demand service? How it is provided in cloud computing?
Ans. On-demand service is one of the main feature of cloud computing which allows the user to use the resources of cloud as and when needed. The resources (software, hardware (servers), databases, storage, etc) of cloud computing are provided by companies called cloud service providers which usually charge on a pay per use basis, like the way we pay for electricity usage
Class 11 Computer Science Chapter 3
Q8. Write examples of the following: a) Government provided cloud computing platform b) Large scale private cloud service providers and the services they provide
Ans. a) Example of government provided cloud computing platform— “GI Cloud” which has been named as ‘MeghRaj’ (https://cloud.gov.in).
Examples of Large scale private cloud service providers are Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure and Google Cloud Platform. They offers services like computing power, infrastructure, storage space, applications
Q9. A company interested in cloud computing is looking for a provider who offers a set of basic services, such as virtual server provisioning and on demand storage that can be combined into a platform for deploying and running customised applications. What type of cloud computing model fits these requirements? a) Platform as a Service b) Software as a Service c) Application as a Service d) Infrastructure as a Service
Q10. If the government plans to make a smart school by applying IoT concepts, how can each of the following be implemented in order to transform a school into IoT-enabled smart school? a) e-textbooks b) Smart boards c) Online Tests d) Wifi sensors on classrooms doors e) Sensors in buses to monitor their location f) Wearables (watches or smart belts) for attendance monitoring.
Ans. The following things can be implemented in order to transform a school into IoT-enabled smart school:
a) e-textbooks : These textbook can be checked online. It can be configured in Microsoft Teams
b) Smart boards : These boards can be operated by using Stylus & can be connected to a network / Wi fi , So that a teacher can show the video or presentation by mobile.
c) Online Tests : Students can give these tests from home. Tests can be Objective or Subjective type. Many portals are available to conduct Online Tests.
d) Wifi sensors on classrooms doors : These sensors help to take attendance as students entered in the class.
e) Sensors in buses to monitor their location : These sensors help the parents and school management to get to know the real time location of bus.
f) Wearables (watches or smart belts) for attendance monitoring : These wearables help the school management to mark the attendance as soon as the student enters the school as well as in a class room.
Q11. Five friends plan to try a startup. However, they have a limited budget and limited computer infrastructure. How can they avail the benefits of cloud services to launch their startup?
Ans. They can use the services of cloud computing either from government or private service provider which usually charge on pay per use , so they don’t have to invest in purchasing devices and their maintenance. In this way they can start a startup in limited budget.
Class 11 Computer Science Chapter 3
Q12. Governments provide various scholarships to students of different classes. Prepare a report on how blockchain technology can be used to promote accountability, transparency and efficiency in distribution of scholarships?
Ans. A blockchain is a system that allows a group of connected computers to maintain a single updated and secure ledger. The most popular application of blockchains technology is in digital currency. However, due to its decentralised nature with openness and security, blockchains are being seen as one of the ways to ensure transparency, accountability and efficiency in business and as well as governance systems.
Ans. Internet of Things allows us to interact with different devices through Internet with the help of smartphones or computers, But to interact with ‘n’ number of different devices, we need to install ‘n’ different apps. Web of Things (WoT) allows use of web services to have one interface to connect all the devices. IoT along with WoT helps to create smart homes, smart offices, smart cities and so on.
Class 11 Computer Science Chapter 3
Q14. Match the columns:
Column A
Column B
You got a reminder to take medication
A. Smart Parking
You got an SMS alert that you forgot to lock the door
B. Smart Wearable
You got an SMS alert that parking space is available near your block
You got an SMS alert that you forgot to lock the door
C. Home Automation
You got an SMS alert that parking space is available near your block
A. Smart Parking
You turned off your LED TV from your wrist watch
B. Smart Wearable
Class 11 Computer Science Chapter 3
Class 11 Computer Science Chapter 3
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