Unit 3 Math for AI Class 9 NOTES Important Points
Unit 3 Math for AI Class 9 NOTES Important Points
What we Learn
In this chapter, Students are introduced to the mathematics required for designing an AI project. They will know about the essential mathematical concepts required to understand an AI project from the basics. They will be introduced to mathematical concepts of linear algebra, calculus, statistics, and probability through easy activities and examples. Learners will also be able to identify the use of statistics and probability in everyday life.
How are Math and AI related?
Math is the study of patterns. To solve the puzzles, we have to identify an order/arrangement in the list of numbers or the images. This arrangement is called a pattern.
AI is a way to recognize patterns. AI can learn to recognize patterns, like human beings. AI can see patterns in different types of data like numbers, images, speech and text. These patterns help AI to solve puzzles – like identifying dogs and muffins.
NOTE: AI needs to study Math and recognize patterns in order to take decisions.
Essential Mathematics for AI
Let’s think and answer the following questions:
Q1. 11, 22, 33, 44, 55 – Can you find out the middle value from the given numbers?
Ans. 33
Q2. A has 2 plants, B has 3 plants, C has 1 plant, D has 7 plants. How many plants are there in total?
Ans. 13 plants
AI uses Math for:
Statistics (Exploring data): Example – What is the middle value of the data? Which is the most common value in the data?
Calculus (training and improving AI model): Example – which line is more slanted? Which figure covers more area?
Linear Algebra (finding out unknown or missing values): Example – How many plants are there in total? How many cars are there in a city?
Probability (predicting different events): Example – what will be the possible results of a coin toss? Will it rain tomorrow?
Statistics
Statistics is used for collecting, exploring, and analyzing the data. It also helps in drawing conclusions from data.
Applications of Statistics:
- It helps to Predict the performance of sports teams.
- It can be used to find out specific things such as:
- the reading level of students
- the opinions of voters
- the average weight of a city’s resident
Some more applications of Statistics
Authorities use statistics to alert the citizens residing in places that might be affected by a natural disaster in near future.
The disaster management teams use statistics to know about the population, and about the services and infrastructure present in the affected area.
Sports
The Tokyo 2020 Olympics were postponed due to the developing global situation in light of the Covid-19 pandemic.
Statistics revealed that COVID cases sharply increased in Japan during the planned period of Olympics.
Disease prediction
US government uses statistics to understand which disease is affecting the population the most. This helps them in curing these diseases more effectively. ▪ Example – government can analyze the areas where COVID cases are increasing, or where the vaccination drive needs to be improved.
Weather forecast
▪ Computers use statistics to forecast weather.
▪ They compare the weather conditions with the information about past seasons and conditions.
Activity:
Consider the following data and answer the questions given below
| Colour of Car | Number of Cars |
| Blue | 25 |
| Red | 20 |
| Yellow | 37 |
Data Analysis
Q1. How many cars are spotted in total?
Ans. 82
Q2. Which colour has been spotted the maximum amount of time?
Ans. Yellow
Data Interpretation
Q3. What is the most common colour choice for the residents of this area?
Ans. Yellow
Probability
Probability is a way to tell us how likely something is to happen. For example – When a coin is tossed, there are two possible results or outcomes: heads (H) or tails (T). The probability formula can be expressed as:
Probability of an Event = Number of Favorable Outcomes / Total Number of Possible Outcomes
We say that the probability of the coin landing H is ½ and the probability of the coin landing T is ½
Terms used in Probability
Certain events: An event will happen without a doubt.
Likely events: The probability of one event is higher than the probability of another event.
Unlikely events: One event is less likely to happen than another event.
Impossible events: There’s no chance of an event happening.
Equal Probability events: Chances of each event happening is same.
If an event is certain or sure to happen, it will have a probability of 1. For example, the probability that we can pick a red ball from a bag containing only red balls is 1.
If an event will never happen or is impossible, it will have a probability of 0. For example, the probability that we can pick a red ball from a bag containing only blue balls is 0.
Try to fill in the blanks with – likely, unlikely, certainly, impossible, equal probability
Imagine you have a bag full of stars where 7 stars with dots and 3 stars with lines.
5. If you pick an object from the bag without looking, you will _______________ pick a star.
Ans. 1. likely
2. unlikely
3. impossible
4. equal probability
5. Certainly
Let we understand the terms likely, unlikely, certainly, impossible, equal probability in a simple language
1. Likely: It means something that has good chance to happen. for example if we throw a dice, it is likely to get a number which is less than 5.
2. Unlikely: It means something that has less chance of happening. for example if we toss a coin, it is unlikely to get Head 10 times continuously.
3. Impossible: It mean that can not happen. for example when we throw a dice, it is impossible to get 9.
4. Equal probability: When two or more outcomes have the same chance of happening. for example when we throw a dice, getting even or odd number has equal probability.
5. Certainly: It means something that will surely happen. for example when we throw a dice, it is sure that a number appears which is less than 7.
Application of Probability in SPORTS
Probability can be used in estimating batting average in Cricket. (Batting average in Cricket represents how many runs a batsman would score before getting out.)
Application of Probability in WEATHER FORCAST
It is used by weather forecasters to assess how likely, that there will be rain, snow, clouds, etc., on a given daY in a certain area. Forecasters may say things like “there is a 70% chance of rain today between 4 PM and 6 PM” to indicate a medium to high likelihood of rain during certain hours.
Application of Probability in TRAFFIC ESTIMATION
Based on the time of day, location in the city, weather conditions, etc. people tend to make probability predictions about how bad traffic will be during a certain time.
Key Takeaway:
1. Math is essential for understanding AI models in depth.
2. Different math concepts used for AI are Statistics, Probability, Linear Algebra and Calculus.
3. Applications of math can be found in everyday life.